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The first component of the CLEAR Framework emphasizes the importance of conciseness in crafting prompts. A concise prompt removes superfluous information, allowing AI language models to focus on the most important aspects of the task, resulting in more pertinent and precise responses. Clarity is also crucial, as unclear or imprecise instructions may result in AI-generated content that does not meet the user's needs or expectations. Writing effective prompts requires ensuring that the question is specific and directed toward the desired response.

Examples: Use a more concise and explicit prompt such as "Explain the process of photosynthesis and its significance" instead of "Can you provide me with a detailed explanation of the process of photosynthesis and its significance?" Instead of requesting, "Please provide me with an extensive discussion on the factors that contributed to the economic growth of China during the last few decades", use a concise prompt like, "Identify factors behind China's recent economic growth."

The second component, logical prompts, emphasizes the significance of sustaining a logical flow and order of ideas within a prompt. A logically structured prompt enables AI models to better comprehend the context and relationships between various concepts, resulting in more accurate and coherent outputs. To create a logical prompt, ensure that the provided information follows a natural progression and that the relationships between concepts are evident.

Example: "List the steps to write a research paper, beginning with selecting a topic and ending with proofreading the final draft" is a logically structured question. A logically structured prompt could be, "Describe the steps in the scientific method, starting with forming a hypothesis and ending with drawing conclusions."

The third component, explicit prompts, underscores the need for clear output specifications in the queries posed to AI language models. Explicit prompts provide precise instructions regarding the desired output format, content, or scope, thereby reducing the likelihood of receiving unanticipated or irrelevant responses from the AI model. Include specifics about the type of information you seek and how it should be conveyed to make a prompt explicit.

Examples: Instead of, "Tell me about the French Revolution," an explicit prompt would be, "Provide a concise overview of the French Revolution, emphasizing its causes, major events, and consequences." Rather than prompting, "What are some renewable energy sources?", opt for a more explicit version like, "Identify five renewable energy sources and explain how each works."

Adaptive prompts emphasize the significance of adaptability in prompt engineering. Adaptability entails experimenting with various prompt formulations, phrasings, and temperature settings in order to establish a balance between creativity and concentration. It also necessitates adapting the AI model's responses to the specific requirements of each mission. When crafting adaptive prompts, be flexible and willing to attempt new approaches based on the performance of the AI model.

Examples: If an initial prompt such as "Discuss the impact of social media on mental health" elicits responses that are too general, consider a more focused and adaptable prompt such as "Examine the relationship between social media usage and anxiety in adolescents." If asking, "What are some ways to conserve water?" leads to generic responses, try a more targeted and adaptive prompt like, "List household practices for conserving water and their potential impact." If a prompt such as, "Describe the history of computers" yields too much information, use a more specific and adaptive prompt like, "Explain the development of personal computers from the 1970s to the 1990s."

Reflective prompts, the concluding element of the CLEAR Framework, emphasizes the significance of continuous evaluation in enhancing prompt engineering techniques. Adopting a reflective perspective enables users to evaluate the performance of their AI model based on user feedback and their own assessments, identifying areas for improvement and adjusting their approach accordingly. This mindset is vital for staying ahead of the curve and adapting to the ever-changing field of AI. Make it a habit, when using reflective prompts, to analyze AI-generated content and apply the insights obtained to future prompts.

Examples: After receiving AI-generated content on the benefits of a plant-based diet, evaluate the response's accuracy, relevance, and completeness. Use insights from the evaluation to refine future prompts, such as asking for more specific benefits or focusing on certain aspects of a plant-based diet. After acquiring an AI-generated list of strategies for effective time management, evaluate the relevance and applicability of each strategy. Consider the target audience's needs, and use this information to tailor future prompts to generate content that better addresses specific challenges or contexts.

Adapted from Lo, Leo S. 鈥淭he CLEAR Path: A Framework for Enhancing Information Literacy through Prompt Engineering.鈥� .

Use a structured format, such as bullet points or numbered lists, to outline the key points or steps you want the AI to address.

Example: "List three benefits of AI in education and provide a brief explanation for each."

Encourage detailed and comprehensive responses by asking open-ended questions that require more than a yes or no answer.

Example: "How might AI technologies transform urban planning in the next decade?"

Use a series of connected prompts to break down complex tasks into smaller, manageable steps, guiding the AI through a logical sequence.

Example: First, ask the AI to define a problem, then follow up with prompts to explore potential solutions and implications.

Set constraints or parameters to limit the scope of the response, ensuring it meets specific requirements or criteria.

Example: "Provide a summary of AI ethics concerns in no more than 200 words."
Adapted with changes from 鈥淎I Demystified: What is Prompt Engineering?鈥�

• I understand that building data centers, training AI models, and using GenAI harms the environment and marginalized communities.
• I understand that biases in the training data for GenAI can and do lead to biases in their output.
• I understand that some of the most widely used GenAI models were trained on the intellectual property of numerous creators without their permission.

• How and why am I going to use the tool? (To replace or enhance?)
  • I use the AI tool to enhance my learning and creativity, not to replace it
  • I use the AI tool for rote or procedural skills
  • I use the AI tools when they are appropriate (see above) and not as a means to complete work at the last minute
• Have I been given permission to use the tool in that context?
  • i use the AI tool only when it has been explicitly allowed by the instructor, and do not assume that it is permitted in all contexts
  • When I am unsure if AI tool use is permitted, I seek clarification from my instructors
• Is my intention to learn or to just get a grade?
  • I reflect on my use of the AI tool throughout the process
  • I seek to understand how it enhanced my learning
  • I seek to understand how it limited my learning
• Do I know how to use the tool?
  • I understand the tool鈥檚 capabilities and limitations, as well as the terms, conditions, and privacy policies associated with the tool.
• Do I understand the strengths and limitations of the tool?
  • I treat generative AI output as a secondary source of information that is not always accurate and take steps to critically evaluate its output
  • I attribute ideas and products to their original author or source
  • I check all AI output for accuracy by doing an external search for the original author or source
    

• Are there other ways to do this without AI tools?
• Is the output biased? Is the output accurate (or is it hallucinating)?
• Is there a better prompt? Can I ask a different or better question?
• Am I acquiring the learning objectives of the course or assignment by using the AI tool?

• Are my original ideas present in my work?
• Am I spreading misinformation or perpetuating harmful ideas, biases, etc.?
• How did this assignment (and use of AI tools) help me advance my understanding of the content or learning objectives?
• Have I been transparent about my use of AI tools?
  • I am transparent about where, how, and why I used the tool(s)
  • I cite the tool(s) in my work
  • I explain how I used the tool(s) in my work
• Have I cited original authors and sources appropriately?
• Have I cited my use of the AI tool appropriately?
• Have I plagiarized (knowingly or unknowingly)?